International Journal of Computer Networks and Applications (IJCNA)

Published By EverScience Publications

ISSN : 2395-0455

MENU
International Journal of Computer Networks and Applications (IJCNA)

International Journal of Computer Networks and Applications (IJCNA)

Published By EverScience Publications

ISSN : 2395-0455

A Survey on Issues and Possible Solutions of Cross-Layer Design in Internet of Things

Author NameAuthor Details

Sultana Parween, Syed Zeeshan Hussain, Md Asdaque Hussain

Sultana Parween[1]

Syed Zeeshan Hussain[2]

Md Asdaque Hussain[3]

[1]Department of Computer Science, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India

[2]Department of Computer Science, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India

[3]Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Vaddeswaram, Andhra Pradesh, India

Cite this Article

DOI: 10.22247/ijcna/2021/209699

Pages : 311-333

 Download PDF

2426

Views

Abstract

Last decade has seen the evolution of Internet of Things (IoT) and it has been affiliated with various networking technologies. The study shows that blending various networks like WSN, WBAN, and LoRaWAN with digital devices will revolutionize the current decade. Billions of wireless devices will cooperate and communicate with each other to generate huge data every day. The heterogeneity of devices and communication network technologies are inherent in IoT. Various digital devices are connected and interact with various devices, which have different specifications and run on different platforms. Therefore, the heterogeneity of network architecture, communication technologies, and application requirement intricacy enforce many challenges. Traditional communication technologies which rely heavily on layered approach need an amendment to suit the need of the IoT as various layers (e.g. Transport layer’s TCP) fails to address the issues of heterogeneity. This work reviews various cross-layer mechanisms extensively, which have been suggested in past to overcome the issue and challenges which arose due to the heterogeneous nature of IoT. We also identify the main issues such as energy consumption, mobility, interoperability, security, privacy, and scalability, etc. faced when using cross-layer design (CLD) in IoT and suggest available cross-layer solutions for them.

Index Terms

Internet of Things (IoT)

Cross-Layer Design (CLD)

Wireless Sensor Network (WSN)

Quality of Service (QoS)

Low Power Wide Area Networks (LPWAN)

Privacy

Security

Energy-Efficient

Interoperability

Reference

  1. 1.
    Xu, Lina, Anca Delia Jurcut, and Hamed Ahmadi. "emerging Challenges and Requirements for internet of things in 5G." In 5G-Enabled Internet of Things, pp. 29-48. CRC Press, 2019.
  2. 2.
    Hassan, Qusay F., ed. “Internet of things A to Z: technologies and applications.” John Wiley & Sons, 2018.
  3. 3.
    B. TOR?UL, L. ?a?ban?ua, and F. B. Balo, “Internet of Things: A Survey,” Int. J. Appl. Math. Electron. Comput., no. March, pp. 104–104, 2016.
  4. 4.
    S. Li, L. Da Xu, and S. Zhao, “The internet of things: a survey,” Inf. Syst. Front., vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 243–259, 2015.
  5. 5.
    H. Machado and N. Lane, “Internet of Things (IoT) impacts on Supply Chain,” APICS Houst. Student Chapter, vol. 77007, no. 402, pp. 2493–2498, 2014.
  6. 6.
    S. Madakam, R. Ramaswamy, and S. Tripathi, “Internet of Things (IoT): A Literature Review,” J. Comput. Commun., vol. 03, no. 05, pp. 164–173, 2015.
  7. 7.
    Jiang, Lihong, Li Da Xu, Hongming Cai, Zuhai Jiang, Fenglin Bu, and Boyi Xu. "An IoT-oriented data storage framework in cloud computing platform." IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics 10, no. 2 (2014): 1443-1451.
  8. 8.
    Goyal, Krishan Kumar, Amit Garg, Ankur Rastogi, and Saurabh Singhal. "A literature survey on Internet of Things (IoT)." International Journal of Advanced Networking and Applications 9, no. 6 (2018): 3663-3668.
  9. 9.
    M. Ahmad, T. Younis, M. A. Habib, R. Ashraf, and S. H. Ahmed, “A Review of Current Security Issues in Internet of Things,” pp. 11–23, 2019.
  10. 10.
    Jan, Mian Ahmad, Fazlullah Khan, and Muhammad Alam, eds. “Recent trends and advances in wireless and IoT-enabled networks” Springer, 2019.
  11. 11.
    https://www.netburner.com/learn/architecturalframeworks-in-the-iot-civilization
  12. 12.
    P. Sethi and S. R. Sarangi, “Internet of Things: Architectures, Protocols, and Applications,” J. Electr. Comput. Eng., vol. 2017, 2017.
  13. 13.
    M. Burhan, R. A. Rehman, B. Khan, and B. S. Kim, “IoT elements, layered architectures and security issues: A comprehensive survey,” Sensors (Switzerland), vol. 18, no. 9, pp. 1–37, 2018.
  14. 14.
    Saadeh, Maha, Azzam Sleit, Khair Eddin Sabri, and Wesam Almobaideen. "Hierarchical architecture and protocol for mobile object authentication in the context of IoT smart cities." Journal of Network and Computer Applications 121 (2018): 1-19.
  15. 15.
    J. Lin, W. Yu, N. Zhang, X. Yang, H. Zhang, and W. Zhao, “A Survey on Internet of Things: Architecture, Enabling Technologies, Security and Privacy, and Applications,” IEEE Internet Things J., vol. 4, no. 5, pp. 1125–1142, 2017.
  16. 16.
    S. Kraijak and P. Tuwanut, “A survey on internet of things architecture, protocols, possible applications, security, privacy, real-world implementation and future trends,” Int. Conf. Commun. Technol. Proceedings, ICCT, vol. 2016-Febru, pp. 26–31, 2016.
  17. 17.
    J. Kaur and K. Kaur, “Internet of Things: A Review on Technologies, Architecture, Challenges, Applications, Future Trends,” Int. J. Comput. Netw. Inf. Secur., vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 57–70, 2017.
  18. 18.
    Al-Sarawi, Shadi, Mohammed Anbar, Kamal Alieyan, and Mahmood Alzubaidi. "Internet of Things (IoT) communication protocols." In 2017 8th International conference on information technology (ICIT), pp. 685-690. IEEE, 2017.
  19. 19.
    V. Bhuvaneswari and R. Porkodi, “The internet of things (IOT) applications and communication enabling technology standards: An overview,” Proc. - 2014 Int. Conf. Intell. Comput. Appl. ICICA 2014, no. October 2017, pp. 324–329, 2014.
  20. 20.
    P. P. Ray, “A survey on Internet of Things architectures,” J. King Saud Univ. - Comput. Inf. Sci., vol. 30, no. 3, pp. 291–319, 2018.
  21. 21.
    P. Bhoyar, P. Sahare, S. B. Dhok, and R. B. Deshmukh, “Communication technologies and security challenges for internet of things: A comprehensive review,” AEU - Int. J. Electron. Commun., vol. 99, pp. 81–99, 2019.
  22. 22.
    H. D. Kotha and V. Mnssvkr Gupta, “IoT application, a survey,” Int. J. Eng. Technol., vol. 7, no. May, pp. 891–896, 2018.
  23. 23.
    S. Parween and S. Z. Hussain, “A review on cross-layer design approach in WSN by different techniques,” Adv. Sci. Technol. Eng. Syst., vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 741–754, 2020.
  24. 24.
    B. Fu, Y. Xiao, H. J. Deng, and H. Zeng, “A survey of cross-layer designs in wireless networks,” IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutorials, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 110–126, 2014.
  25. 25.
    C. Luo, F. R. Yu, H. Ji, and V. C. M. Leung, “Cross-layer design for TCP performance improvement in cognitive radio networks,” IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol., vol. 59, no. 5, pp. 2485–2495, 2010.
  26. 26.
    G. Shine Let and G. Josemin Bala, “A review of cross-layer design in dynamic spectrum access for cognitive radio networks,” J. Comput. Inf. Technol., vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 21–29, 2014.
  27. 27.
    Mashal, Ibrahim, Osama Alsaryrah, Tein-Yaw Chung, Cheng-Zen Yang, Wen-Hsing Kuo, and Dharma P. Agrawal. "Choices for interaction with things on Internet and underlying issues." Ad Hoc Networks 28 (2015): 68-90.
  28. 28.
    W. Wang, S. De, and A. Lehmann, “Semantic description framework for IoT services,” EC FP7 Project IoT.est, 2012.
  29. 29.
    B. Jia, S. Liu, and Y. Yang, “Fractal cross-layer service with integration and interaction in internet of things,” Int. J. Distrib. Sens. Networks, vol. 2014, 2014.
  30. 30.
    S. Alam and J. Noll, “A semantic enhanced service proxy framework for internet of things,” Proc. - 2010 IEEE/ACM Int. Conf. Green Comput. Commun. GreenCom 2010, 2010 IEEE/ACM Int. Conf. Cyber, Phys. Soc. Comput. CPSCom 2010, pp. 488–495, 2010.
  31. 31.
    Z. Song, A. A. Cárdenas, and R. Masuoka, “Semantic middleware for the internet of things,” 2010 Internet Things, IoT 2010, 2010.
  32. 32.
    A. Tandon and P. Srivastava, “Location based secure energy efficient cross layer routing protocols for IOT enabling technologies,” Int. J. Innov. Technol. Explor. Eng., vol. 8, no. 7, pp. 368–374, 2019.
  33. 33.
    F. Yu, V. Krishnamurthy, and V. C. M. Leung, “Cross-layer optimal connection admission control for variable bit rate multimedia traffic in packet wireless CDMA networks,” IEEE Trans. Signal Process., vol. 54, no. 2, pp. 542–555, 2006.
  34. 34.
    B. Safaei, A. M. H. Monazzah, and A. Ejlali, “ELITE: An Elaborated Cross-Layer RPL Objective Function to Achieve Energy Efficiency in Internet of Things Devices,” IEEE Internet Things J., vol. X, no. X, pp. 1–1, 2020.
  35. 35.
    A. Dunkels, F. Osterlind, N. Tsiftes, and Z. He, “Software-based on-line energy estimation for sensor nodes,” Proc. 4th Work. Embed. Networked Sensors, EmNets 2007, pp. 28–32, 2007.
  36. 36.
    A. H. Sodhro, M. S. Obaidat, S. Pirbhulal, G. H. Sodhro, N. Zahid, and A. Rawat, “A novel energy optimization approach for artificial intelligence-enabled massive internet of things,” Proc. 2019 Int. Symp. Perform. Eval. Comput. Telecommun. Syst. SPECTS 2019 - Part SummerSim 2019 Multiconference, 2019.
  37. 37.
    Sultania, Ashish Kumar, Pouria Zand, Chris Blondia, and Jeroen Famaey. "Energy Modeling and Evaluation of NB-IoT with PSM and eDRX." In 2018 IEEE Globecom Workshops (GC Wkshps), pp. 1-7. IEEE, 2018.
  38. 38.
    K. Kumar, S. Kumar, O. Kaiwartya, Y. Cao, J. Lloret, and N. Aslam, “Cross-layer energy optimization for IoT environments: Technical advances and opportunities,” Energies, vol. 10, no. 12, 2017.
  39. 39.
    N. Kaur and S.K.Sood, “An energy -efficient architecture for the Internet of Things (IoT) ”, IEEE Systems Journal, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 796 –805, 2017.
  40. 40.
    Y. Chen et al., “Energy-Autonomous Wireless Communication for Millimeter-Scale Internet-of-Things Sensor Nodes,” IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun., vol. 34, no. 12, pp. 3962–3977, 2016.
  41. 41.
    C. H. Liu, J. Fan, J. W. Branch, and K. K. Leung, “Toward QoI and energy-efficiency in internet-of-things sensory environments,” IEEE Trans. Emerg. Top. Comput., vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 473–487, 2014.
  42. 42.
    R. Du, L. Gkatzikis, C. Fischione, and M. Xiao, “Energy Efficient Sensor Activation for Water Distribution Networks Based on Compressive Sensing,” IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun., vol. 33, no. 12, pp. 2997–3010, 2015.
  43. 43.
    Ö. U. Akgül and B. Canberk, “Self-Organized Things (SoT): An energy efficient next generation network management,” Comput. Commun., vol. 74, pp. 52–62, 2016.
  44. 44.
    F. F. Qureshi, R. Iqbal, and M. N. Asghar, “Energy efficient wireless communication technique based on Cognitive Radio for Internet of Things,” J. Netw. Comput. Appl., vol. 89, pp. 14–25, 2017.
  45. 45.
    J. H. Ahn and T. J. Lee, “ALLYS: All You Can Send for Energy Harvesting Networks,” IEEE Trans. Mob. Comput., vol. 17, no. 4, pp. 775–788, 2018.
  46. 46.
    T. D. Nguyen, J. Y. Khan, and D. T. Ngo, “Energy harvested roadside IEEE 802.15.4 wireless sensor networks for IoT applications,” Ad Hoc Networks, vol. 56, pp. 109–121, 2017.
  47. 47.
    S. Mondal and R. Paily, “Efficient Solar Power Management System for Self-Powered IoT Node,” IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. I Regul. Pap., vol. 64, no. 9, pp. 2359–2369, 2017.
  48. 48.
    S. A. Chelloug, “Energy-Efficient Content-Based Routing in Internet of Things,” J. Comput. Commun., vol. 03, no. 12, pp. 9–20, 2015.
  49. 49.
    S. H. Park, S. Cho, and J. R. Lee, “Energy-efficient probabilistic routing algorithm for internet of things,” J. Appl. Math., vol. 2014, 2014.
  50. 50.
    K. Machado, D. Rosário, E. Cerqueira, A. A. F. Loureiro, A. Neto, and J. N. de Souza, “A routing protocol based on energy and link quality for internet of things applications,” Sensors (Switzerland), vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 1942–1964, 2013.
  51. 51.
    Song, Liumeng, Kok Keong Chai, Yue Chen, John Schormans, Jonathan Loo, and Alexey Vinel. "QoS-aware energy-efficient cooperative scheme for cluster-based IoT systems." IEEE Systems Journal 11, no. 3 (2017): 1447-1455.
  52. 52.
    S. Qiu, W. Haselmayr, B. Li, C. Zhao, and W. Guo, “Bacterial Relay for Energy-Efficient Molecular Communications,” IEEE Trans. Nanobioscience, vol. 16, no. 7, pp. 555–562, 2017.
  53. 53.
    A. Biason et al., “EC-CENTRIC: An Energy- and Context-Centric Perspective on IoT Systems and Protocol Design,” IEEE Access, vol. 5, pp. 6894–6908, 2017.
  54. 54.
    J. Kwak, Y. Kim, J. Lee, and S. Chong, “DREAM: Dynamic Resource and Task Allocation for Energy Minimization in Mobile Cloud Systems,” IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun., vol. 33, no. 12, pp. 2510–2523, 2015.
  55. 55.
    D. M. Bui, Y. I. Yoon, E. N. Huh, S. I. Jun, and S. Lee, “Energy efficiency for cloud computing system based on predictive optimization,” J. Parallel Distrib. Comput., vol. 102, pp. 103–114, 2017.
  56. 56.
    M. Abu Sharkh and A. Shami, “An evergreen cloud: Optimizing energy efficiency in heterogeneous cloud computing architectures,” Veh. Commun., vol. 9, no. February, pp. 199–210, 2017.
  57. 57.
    A. Liu, Q. Zhang, Z. Li, Y. june Choi, J. Li, and N. Komuro, “A green and reliable communication modeling for industrial internet of things,” Comput. Electr. Eng., vol. 58, pp. 364–381, 2017.
  58. 58.
    T. C. Chiu, Y. Y. Shih, A. C. Pang, and C. W. Pai, “Optimized Day-Ahead Pricing with Renewable Energy Demand-Side Management for Smart Grids,” IEEE Internet Things J., vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 374–383, 2017.
  59. 59.
    Lu´?s M. L. Oliveira, Amaro F. de Sousa and Joel J. P. C. Rodrigues.” Routing and mobility approaches in IPv6 over LoWPAN mesh networks”, IJCS, Volume 24, Issue 11, pp 1445-1466, November 2011.
  60. 60.
    L.Bartolozzi, F.Chiti, R.Fantacci, T.Pecorella & F.Sgri lli, ”Supporting monitoring applications with mobile Wireless Sensor Networks: The eN Route forwarding approach”, IEEE International Conference on Communications (pp. 5403-5407), Ottawa, Canada, June 2012.
  61. 61.
    J. V. V. Sobral, J. J. P. C. Rodrigues, R. A. L. Rabêlo, J. Al-Muhtadi, and V. Korotaev, “Routing protocols for low power and lossy networks in internet of things applications,” Sensors (Switzerland), vol. 19, no. 9, pp. 1–40, 2019.
  62. 62.
    Oikonomou, George, Iain Phillips, and Theo Tryfonas. "IPv6 multicast forwarding in RPL-based wireless sensor networks." Wireless personal communications 73, no. 3 (2013): 1089-1116.
  63. 63.
    G. Gastón Lorente, B. Lemmens, M. Carlier, A. Braeken, and K. Steenhaut, “BMRF: Bidirectional Multicast RPL Forwarding,” Ad Hoc Networks, vol. 54, pp. 69–84, 2017.
  64. 64.
    K. Q. A. Fadeel and K. Elsayed, “ESMRF: Enhanced stateless multicast RPL forwarding for IPv6-based low-power and lossy networks,” IoT-Sys 2015 - Proc. 2015 Work. IoT Challenges Mob. Ind. Syst., no. June 2016, pp. 19–24, 2015.
  65. 65.
    Gaddour, Olfa, et al. "Co-RPL: RPL routing for mobile low power wireless sensor networks using Corona mechanism." Proceedings of the 9th IEEE international symposium on industrial embedded systems (SIES 2014). IEEE, 2014.
  66. 66.
    C. Cobârzan, J. Montavont, T. Noel, C. Cobârzan, J. Montavont, and T. Noel, “MT-RPL: a cross-layer approach for mobility support in to cite this version: HAL Id: hal-02088111 on Internet of Things EAI Endorsed Transactions MT-RPL: a cross-layer approach for mobility support in,” pp. 0–12, 2019.
  67. 67.
    H. Fotouhi, D. Moreira, and M. Alves, “MRPL: Boosting mobility in the Internet of Things,” Ad Hoc Networks, vol. 26, pp. 17–35, 2015.
  68. 68.
    M. Bouaziz, A. Rachedi, and A. Belghith, “EC-MRPL: An energy-efficient and mobility support routing protocol for Internet of Mobile Things,” 2017 14th IEEE Annu. Consum. Commun. Netw. Conf. CCNC 2017, pp. 19–24, 2017.
  69. 69.
    M. Bouaziz, A. Rachedi, and A. Belghith, “EKF-MRPL: Advanced mobility support routing protocol for internet of mobile things: Movement prediction approach,” Futur. Gener. Comput. Syst., vol. 93, pp. 822–832, 2019.
  70. 70.
    Gara, F.; Ben Saad, L.; Ben Ayed, R.; Tourancheau, B. RPL protocol adapted for healthcare and medical applications. In Proceedings of the 2015 International Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing Conference (IWCMC), Dubrovnik, Croatia, 24–28 August 2015; pp. 690–695.
  71. 71.
    Y. Tahir, S. Yang, and J. McCann, “BRPL: Backpressure RPL for High-throughput and Mobile IoTs,” arXiv, vol. 2, 2017.
  72. 72.
    M. Bouaziz, A. Rachedi, A. Belghith, M. Berbineau, and S. Al-Ahmadi, “EMA-RPL: Energy and mobility aware routing for the Internet of Mobile Things,” Futur. Gener. Comput. Syst., vol. 97, pp. 247–258, 2019.
  73. 73.
    J. Kniess and V. de Figueiredo Marques, “MARPL: A crosslayer approach for Internet of things based on neighbor variability for mobility support in RPL,” Trans. Emerg. Telecommun. Technol., no. November 2019, pp. 1–17, 2020.
  74. 74.
    E. Ancillotti, R. Bruno, and M. Conti, “Reliable data delivery with the IETF routing protocol for low-power and lossy networks,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Informatics, vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 1864–1877, 2014.
  75. 75.
    C. Abreu, M. Ricardo, and P. M. Mendes, “Energy-aware routing for biomedical wireless sensor networks,” J. Netw. Comput. Appl., vol. 40, no. 1, pp. 270–278, 2014.
  76. 76.
    P. O. Kamgueu, E. Nataf, and T. N. Djotio, “On design and deployment of fuzzy-based metric for routing in low-power and lossy networks,” Proc. - Conf. Local Comput. Networks, LCN, vol. 2015-December, pp. 789–795, 2015.
  77. 77.
    Y. Chen, J. P. Chanet, K. M. Hou, H. Shi, and G. de Sousa, “A scalable context-aware objective function (SCAOF) of routing protocol for agricultural low-power and lossy networks (RPAL),” Sensors (Switzerland), vol. 15, no. 8, pp. 19507–19540, 2015.
  78. 78.
    S. Soursos, I. P. Zarko, P. Zwickl, I. Gojmerac, G. Bianchi, and G. Carrozzo, “Towards the cross-domain interoperability of IoT platforms,” EUCNC 2016 - Eur. Conf. Networks Commun., no. June 2019, pp. 398–402, 2016.
  79. 79.
    I. P. Zarko et al., “Towards an IoT framework for semantic and organizational interoperability,” GIoTS 2017 - Glob. Internet Things Summit, Proc., no. June, 2017.
  80. 80.
    Jell, Thomas, Arne Bröring, and Jelena Mitic. "BIG IoT–interconnecting IoT platforms from different domains." In 2017 International Conference on Engineering, Technology and Innovation (ICE/ITMC), pp. 86-88. IEEE, 2017.
  81. 81.
    L. Hang and D. H. Kim, “Enabling cross-domain IoT interoperability based on open framework,” Lect. Notes Electr. Eng., vol. 514, no. December 2018, pp. 687–691, 2019.
  82. 82.
    Fortino, Giancarlo, et al. "Towards multi-layer interoperability of heterogeneous IoT platforms: The INTER-IoT approach." Integration, interconnection, and interoperability of IoT systems. Springer, Cham, 2018. 199-232.
  83. 83.
    R. Gravina, M. Manso, A. Liotta, and G. Fortino, Erratum to “Integration, Interconnection, and Interoperability of IoT Systems” (Internet of Things, 10.1007/978-3-319-61300-0), vol. 0, no. 9783319612997. 2018.
  84. 84.
    Q. Jing, A. V. Vasilakos, J. Wan, J. Lu, and D. Qiu, “Security of the Internet of Things: perspectives and challenges,” Wirel. Networks, vol. 20, no. 8, pp. 2481–2501, 2014.
  85. 85.
    Y. Lee and D. H. Kim, “Threats analysis, requirements and considerations for secure internet of things,” Int. J. Smart Home, vol. 9, no. 12, pp. 191–198, 2015.
  86. 86.
    Gigli, Matthew, and Simon GM Koo. "Internet of things: services and applications categorization." Adv. Internet Things 1, no. 2 (2011): 27-31.
  87. 87.
    Kamalinejad, Pouya, Chinmaya Mahapatra, Zhengguo Sheng, Shahriar Mirabbasi, Victor CM Leung, and Yong Liang Guan. "Wireless energy harvesting for the Internet of Things." IEEE Communications Magazine 53, no. 6 (2015): 102-108.
  88. 88.
    I. Ali, S. Sabir, and Z. Ullah, "Internet of Things Security, Device Authentication and Access Control: A Review," International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security, vol. 14, p. 456, 2016.
  89. 89.
    K. A. McKay, K. A. McKay, L. Bassham, M. S. Turan, and N. Mouha, Report on lightweight cryptography. US Department of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 2017.
  90. 90.
    Z. Yan, P. Zhang, and A. V. Vasilakos, “A survey on trust management for Internet of Things,” J. Netw. Comput. Appl., vol. 42, pp. 120–134, 2014.
  91. 91.
    Y. Yu, L. Guo, J. Huang, F. Zhang, and Y. Zong, “A cross-layer security monitoring selection algorithm based on traffic prediction,” IEEE Access, vol. 6, pp. 35382–35391, 2018.
  92. 92.
    Y. Zhang, L. Duan, C. A. Sun, B. Cheng, and J. Chen, “A Cross-Layer Security Solution for Publish/Subscribe-Based IoT Services Communication Infrastructure,” Proc. - 2017 IEEE 24th Int. Conf. Web Serv. ICWS 2017, pp. 580–587, 2017.
  93. 93.
    H. I. Ahmed, A. A. Nasr, S. Abdel-Mageid, and H. K. Aslan, “A survey of IoT security threats and defenses,” Int. J. Adv. Comput. Res., vol. 9, no. 45, pp. 325–350, 2019.
  94. 94.
    A. Wang, A. Mohaisen, and S. Chen, “XLF: A cross-layer framework to secure the internet of things (IoT),” Proc. - Int. Conf. Distrib. Comput. Syst., vol. 2019-July, pp. 1830–1839, 2019.
  95. 95.
    H. Wen, Y. Wang, L. Zhou, X. Zhu, and J. Li, ‘‘Physical layer assist authentication technique for smart meter system,’’ IET Commun., vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 189–197, Feb. 2013.
  96. 96.
    X. Wu, Z. Yan, C. Ling, and X.-G. Xia, ‘‘Artificial-noise-aided physical layer phase challenge-response authentication for practical OFDM transmission,’’ 2015, arXiv:1502.07565.
  97. 97.
    H. Park, H. Roh, and W. Lee, ‘‘Tagora: A collision-exploitative RFID authentication protocol based on cross-layer approach,’’ IEEE Internet Things J., vol. 7, no. 4, pp. 3571–3585, Apr. 2020.
  98. 98.
    Y. Lee, J. Yoon, J. Choi, and E. Hwang, “A Novel Cross-Layer Authentication Protocol for the Internet of Things,” IEEE Access, vol. 8, pp. 196135–196150, 2020.
  99. 99.
    S. A. B. Awwad, N. K. Noordin, B. M. Ali, F. Hashim, and N. H. A. Ismail, “6LoWPAN Route-Over with End-to-End Fragmentation and Reassembly Using Cross-Layer Adaptive Backoff Exponent,” Wirel. Pers. Commun., vol. 98, no. 1, pp. 1029–1053, 2018.
SCOPUS
SCImago Journal & Country Rank

Announcements

Archives

Downloads

Contact Us

Dr.M. Milton Joe
EverScience Publications,
Nagercoil, Tamilnadu,India

Talk to Us

+91 9442777224

Email Us

editor@ijcna.org

info@ijcna.org

info@everscience.org

Quick Links

Follow Us

Copyright © 2023; EverScience Publications

Designed & Maintained By Shiro Software Solutions